Elderberry
herbs
Elderberry (Sambucus nigra) is a traditional herbal remedy derived from the dark purple berries of the elder plant, rich in anthocyanins and other polyphenols. It has been used for centuries to support immune function and may help reduce the duration and severity of cold and flu symptoms. Modern research supports some traditional uses, though evidence remains mixed for certain applications.
Benefits
Dosage
Typical Dose
300-500 mg daily for prevention; 500-1000 mg daily during illness
Upper Limit
2000 mg daily maximum
Timing
With meals to improve absorption and reduce gastrointestinal upset
Forms & Bioavailability
Standardised extract
Highest bioavailability; concentrated anthocyanins (typically 16-25% standardisation)
Syrup
Good bioavailability; traditional form with added sweeteners
Capsules/tablets
Moderate bioavailability; convenient dosing with variable potency
Fresh or dried berries
Lower bioavailability; whole food source with lower concentration
Side Effects
Interactions
Research Summary
Clinical trials show mixed but generally positive results, with some studies demonstrating elderberry reduces cold duration by 1-2 days and flu severity. A 2016 meta-analysis found modest evidence supporting immune support claims. Quality and standardisation of commercial products vary significantly, affecting research reproducibility.
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