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Synephrine

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Synephrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) that functions as a sympathomimetic compound similar to ephedrine. It is commonly used in weight management and energy supplements to support metabolism and fat oxidation.

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Benefits

Metabolic rate enhancement
Energy and alertness support
Appetite suppression
Fat oxidation promotion
Athletic performance support

Dosage

Typical Dose

20-50 mg per dose

Upper Limit

100 mg daily

Timing

30-60 minutes before exercise or meals

Forms & Bioavailability

Bitter orange extract

Variable; typically 5-10% synephrine content by weight

Standardised powder

Higher and more consistent when standardised to 6% synephrine or greater

Capsules

Moderate; absorption dependent on formulation and standardisation

Side Effects

Elevated heart rate and blood pressure
Tremors and jitteriness
Headaches
Nausea
Anxiety and restlessness
Insomnia

Interactions

Stimulants (caffeine, other sympathomimetics)
Cardiovascular medications
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Beta-blockers may reduce efficacy

Research Summary

Research suggests synephrine modestly increases metabolic rate and fat oxidation, with some studies showing 3-5% increases in energy expenditure. However, evidence for significant weight loss is limited and inconsistent. Safety concerns exist regarding cardiovascular effects, particularly when combined with other stimulants.

The Bottom Line on Synephrine

Synephrine is moderately researched with promising but sometimes mixed evidence.It is most commonly used for metabolic rate enhancement and energy and alertness support. As with any supplement, individual results vary. Start with the lower end of the dosage range and assess for 4-8 weeks before adjusting.

About Our Research

This profile is compiled from peer-reviewed research published on PubMed, the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, and established nutritional science databases. Dosages reflect clinically-studied amounts from human trials where available. We update profiles as new research emerges. This is not medical advice — consult a healthcare professional before supplementing.

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Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you have existing health conditions or take medication.

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