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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

vitamins

Riboflavin is an essential B-vitamin that serves as a coenzyme in energy metabolism and antioxidant defence. It plays a critical role in converting carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into usable energy whilst supporting cellular health and nervous system function.

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Benefits

Energy production and metabolism
Antioxidant protection
Eye health and vision
Nervous system support
Skin and hair health
Migraine prevention

Dosage

Typical Dose

1.1–1.6 mg daily

Upper Limit

200 mg daily

Timing

With meals for optimal absorption

Forms & Bioavailability

Riboflavin (free form)

Standard absorption, water-soluble

Riboflavin-5-phosphate (activated form)

Enhanced bioavailability and direct coenzyme activity

Side Effects

Yellow discolouration of urine (harmless excess excretion)
Rare allergic reactions at very high doses
Photosensitivity in extremely high doses

Interactions

Tricyclic antidepressants may impair riboflavin absorption
Phenothiazines and methotrexate increase requirements
Alcohol reduces absorption and increases requirements

Research Summary

Riboflavin supplementation has shown promise for migraine prevention, with several clinical trials demonstrating a 50% reduction in migraine frequency. Research supports its role in energy metabolism and cellular antioxidant defence, though deficiency is rare in developed nations with adequate dietary intake.

The Bottom Line on Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) is well-researched with strong evidence supporting its primary benefits.It is most commonly used for energy production and metabolism and antioxidant protection. As with any supplement, individual results vary. Start with the lower end of the dosage range and assess for 4-8 weeks before adjusting.

About Our Research

This profile is compiled from peer-reviewed research published on PubMed, the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, and established nutritional science databases. Dosages reflect clinically-studied amounts from human trials where available. We update profiles as new research emerges. This is not medical advice — consult a healthcare professional before supplementing.

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Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you have existing health conditions or take medication.

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