Vitamin E
vitamins
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage and supports immune function. It encompasses eight naturally occurring compounds, with alpha-tocopherol being the most biologically active form in humans.
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Benefits
Dosage
Typical Dose
15-30 mg (22-45 IU) daily for adults
Upper Limit
1,000 mg (1,500 IU) daily for long-term supplementation
Timing
With meals containing fat for optimal absorption
Forms & Bioavailability
Mixed Tocopherols
Contains all four tocopherol forms; more comprehensive but variable absorption
D-alpha-tocopherol
Natural form with superior bioavailability and tissue retention
DL-alpha-tocopherol
Synthetic form with approximately 50% of natural form's biological activity
Side Effects
Interactions
Research Summary
Clinical research demonstrates vitamin E's antioxidant efficacy, though high-dose supplementation (>400 IU daily) shows mixed results for cardiovascular disease prevention in healthy individuals. Evidence is strongest for addressing deficiency and supporting immune function in older adults. Recent studies suggest mixed tocopherols may offer greater health benefits than alpha-tocopherol alone.
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The Bottom Line on Vitamin E
Vitamin E is well-researched with strong evidence supporting its primary benefits.It is most commonly used for antioxidant protection against free radicals and supports cardiovascular health and blood flow. As with any supplement, individual results vary. Start with the lower end of the dosage range and assess for 4-8 weeks before adjusting.
About Our Research
This profile is compiled from peer-reviewed research published on PubMed, the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, and established nutritional science databases. Dosages reflect clinically-studied amounts from human trials where available. We update profiles as new research emerges. This is not medical advice — consult a healthcare professional before supplementing.
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Goal Guides for Vitamin E
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