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Folate (B9)

vitamins

Folate is an essential B vitamin crucial for DNA synthesis, cell division, and methylation reactions. It plays a vital role in homocysteine metabolism and is particularly important during pregnancy for foetal neural development. Adequate folate status supports cognitive function, mood regulation, and cardiovascular health.

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Benefits

Supports DNA synthesis and cell division
Reduces homocysteine levels for cardiovascular health
Essential for foetal neural tube development
Enhances mood and supports cognitive function
Supports methylation and detoxification pathways

Dosage

Typical Dose

400-800 mcg daily for adults

Upper Limit

1,000 mcg daily (upper tolerable intake)

Timing

With food, preferably at breakfast

Forms & Bioavailability

Methylfolate (5-MTHF)

Highest bioavailability; active form that bypasses conversion issues in individuals with MTHFR polymorphisms

Folinic acid (5-formimino-THF)

High bioavailability; converted to active forms; alternative for those with conversion issues

Folic acid

Synthetic form; requires hepatic conversion to active methylfolate; less effective in those with MTHFR mutations

Side Effects

Nausea or gastrointestinal upset (typically at high doses)
Headaches or fatigue
Potential B12 deficiency masking with excessive supplementation

Interactions

Anticonvulsant medications (phenytoin, phenobarbitone) reduce folate absorption
Methotrexate antagonises folate metabolism
Trimethoprim and sulphonamide antibiotics impair folate utilisation
Excess folate may mask B12 deficiency symptoms
Alcohol impairs folate absorption and metabolism

Research Summary

Extensive research demonstrates folate's critical role in preventing neural tube defects, particularly when supplemented periconceptionally. Studies show adequate folate intake supports cardiovascular health through homocysteine reduction and may enhance cognitive function and mood. Recent evidence suggests methylfolate forms provide superior outcomes for individuals with genetic variations affecting folate metabolism (MTHFR polymorphisms).

The Bottom Line on Folate (B9)

Folate (B9) is well-researched with strong evidence supporting its primary benefits.It is most commonly used for supports dna synthesis and cell division and reduces homocysteine levels for cardiovascular health. As with any supplement, individual results vary. Start with the lower end of the dosage range and assess for 4-8 weeks before adjusting.

About Our Research

This profile is compiled from peer-reviewed research published on PubMed, the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, and established nutritional science databases. Dosages reflect clinically-studied amounts from human trials where available. We update profiles as new research emerges. This is not medical advice — consult a healthcare professional before supplementing.

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Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you have existing health conditions or take medication.

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